Varicella is also known as Chicken Pox. It is a viral infection caused by Varicella- Zoster virus. Varicella can occur at any age (more common in children) and is more frequently seen during seasonal change.
Varicella is an infectious disease which is transmitted by nasal droplets during the act of sneezing or coughing.
Varicella is a highly contagious disease. Once a person is affected, the chances of his family members getting affected increase many fold.
At the onset, there may be mild to moderate fever for two days.
The skin rash starts as small red bumps, which may be slightly itchy. They may be few or all over the body. Later they become filled with transparent fluid and some may be filled with pus. This stage lasts for 4 to 5 days, after which the lesions dry to form scabs or crusts. A person is infectious till the crusts form.
In people who have a poor immunity, the infection can be very severe, involving the liver, lungs and brain.
Consult a physician /dermatologist since it can be easily diagnosed by the clinical appearance of the lesion.
No laboratory tests are usually needed for diagnosis.
Rarely, when the diagnosis is less certain, the doctor may scrape the skin tissue and examine them under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Stay at home/hospital in isolation to prevent transmission.
There is no restriction to taking a bath.
In mild illness with fever and minimal skin rash, symptomatic oral medication such as paracetamol as per the treating physician’s advice and local application of soothing agents such as calamine may be sufficient.
In widespread disease in adults and in order to shorten the episode, oral antivirals such as acyclovir are often administered. This needs to be started as soon as possible, preferably in the first 72 hours.
In people with poor immunity (HIV, cancer) admission to a hospital for intravenous medication is required
A vaccine is available and needs to be given when the child is 12 to 15 months old. An additional dose at the age of 4 to 5 years gives almost 95% protection against chicken pox. Please consult your paediatrician for additional information.
It is uncommon to get a recurrence in Varicella. Rarely, relapses can occur if the patient’s immune status is very poor
Chicken pox can be effectively prevented and treated. Stay away from traditional beliefs about the disease.
Disclaimer: This article is only for general patient information and is not intended for self medication. There is no legal liability of IADVL arising out of any adverse consequence to the patient. Subsequent to its use for self treatment of the disease images adjust for the depiction of the condition and is not to be used for any other purpose.
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